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Al-Botaty, B., El-Khoely, A., Elsayed, E., Eissa, A. (2022). Insight into the Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research, 6(4), 223-237. doi: 10.21608/aprh.2022.155725.1188
Basant Al-Botaty; Abeer El-Khoely; Elsayed Kamal Elsayed; Amany Eissa. "Insight into the Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction". Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research, 6, 4, 2022, 223-237. doi: 10.21608/aprh.2022.155725.1188
Al-Botaty, B., El-Khoely, A., Elsayed, E., Eissa, A. (2022). 'Insight into the Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction', Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research, 6(4), pp. 223-237. doi: 10.21608/aprh.2022.155725.1188
Al-Botaty, B., El-Khoely, A., Elsayed, E., Eissa, A. Insight into the Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Research, 2022; 6(4): 223-237. doi: 10.21608/aprh.2022.155725.1188

Insight into the Pathophysiology of Myocardial Infarction

Article 5, Volume 6, Issue 4, October 2022, Page 223-237  XML PDF (492.92 K)
Document Type: Review Article
DOI: 10.21608/aprh.2022.155725.1188
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Authors
Basant Al-Botatyorcid ; Abeer El-Khoelyorcid ; Elsayed Kamal Elsayed email orcid ; Amany Eissaorcid
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo,11795, Egypt
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is classified as the irreversible myocardial cell death following ischemia. Ischemia could be initiated as a result of atherosclerotic or variable non-atherosclerotic causes. Consequent effects of ischemia are primarily caused due to oxidative stress which is the main precursor of cell death. Myocardial cell death is triggered through intrinsic or extrinsic pathways. In both pathways, apoptosis has been clearly explained through different studies but recently, necroptosis was determined to be involved. The heart has negligible ability for regeneration, thus infarcted regions are healed by replacing dead cells with scar formation. Infarct healing is triggered through an inflammatory cascade, induced by alarmins released from dying cells. Clearance of dead cells by immune cells is followed with the activation of fibroblasts to promote deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. This review discusses the events involved following ischemia including the mechanistic signalling during injury, inflammation, and repair of the infarcted heart. Moreover, the possible complications are mentioned along with the established treatment strategies and some new therapeutic approaches for myocardial infarction.
Keywords
Apoptosis; Inflammatory response; Ischemia; Myocardial infarction; Necroptosis
Main Subjects
Section D: Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacology
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